Sustainable Energy Seminar Series

Name: Sustainable Energy Seminar Series
Start: 2022-10-10T15:30:00
End: 2022-10-10T15:30:00
Location: Wisconsin Energy Institute

Oct 10, 2022 3:30 PM

RSVP

Wisconsin Energy Institute 1552 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53726

October 7, 2022

1:45 PM

media release: Monday, October 10, 3:30-4:30pm, Room 1115 Wisconsin Energy Institute and Online

Exploring functional landscapes of the human gut microbiome

Ophelia Venturelli, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Bacteriology, and Chemical and Biological Engineering

Abstract:

Microbial communities are critical determinants of a wide range of environments ranging from the human gastrointestinal tract, plant rhizosphere and extreme environments such as hydrothermal vents. A myriad of unknown and complex abiotic and biotic interactions dictates the dynamics and functional activities of microbial communities. The human gut microbiome is a dense and diverse microbial ecosystem that shapes human physiology, nutrition, and behavior. Key community-level functions performed by gut microbiota that impact human physiology include the production and degradation of key metabolites and colonization resistance to intestinal pathogens. In response to environmental perturbation or host dysfunction, the functional and compositional state of the gut microbiome can shift to an alternative state that negatively impacts human health. Developing the capability to predict and design the community-level functions of gut microbiota hold tremendous therapeutic potential. By combining high-throughput bottom-up assembly of human gut communities with computational modeling, we decipher the interaction networks shaping community dynamics and health-relevant functions. We exploit the data-driven models to design communities with desired behaviors including tailored metabolite profiles, enhanced resistance to invasion and optimized community diversity. Further, we are developing and applying ultrahigh-throughput methods to analyze single-cell heterogeneity within microbiomes to provide a deeper understanding of interactions and microbiome dynamics. In sum, microbial interactions can be engineered to design microbial communities with desired target functions and building microbiomes from the bottom-up is a powerful approach to exploring the structure-function landscapes of microbiomes.